Table 1

Changes to Individual Effectors in the Denerverd Area
Effector	Sympathetic Effect	Parasympathetic Effect (if any)	Predicted Change From Sympathectomy	Empirical Status
heart	increase heart rate	decrease heart rate	reduced heart rate	confirmed
	increase heart contraction strength	decrease heart contraction strength	reduced heart contraction strength	not studied
	increase cardiac response to exercise	decrease cardiac response to exercise	reduced cardiac response to exercise	confirmed
baroreflex	increase heart rate	decrease heart rate	decreased baroreflex control of heart rate	confirmed
blood vessels	Constrict surface blood vessels	-	loss of vasoconstriction	confirmed
	Dilate deep blood vessels via NO release	-	Loss of NO modulated vasodilation	confirmed
lungs	dilate bronchial tubes	constrict bronchial tubes	Diminished lung volume	confirmed
	facilitate CO2 transfer	-	reduced CO2 transfer	confirmed
sweat glands	Secrete sweat	-	anhidrosis	confirmed
arrector pili muscles	goose bumps/physical pleasure	-	loss of goosebumps/physical pleasure	not studied
muscles	release nitric oxide (NO), dilate muscular blood vessels	-	loss of NO release, atrophy, fiber splitting, necrosis, phagocytosis, fibrosis	confirmed in rabbits, no human studies
sensory nerves	modulate sensitivity, physical pleasure	-	reduced tactile sensitivity	confirmed
adipose tissue	inhibit fat cell creation	-	increased fat cell number	confirmed in hamsters, no human study
	stimulate lipolysis (fat burning)	stimulate lipogenisis (fat storage)	decreased fat burning, increased fat cell size	confirmed in hamsters, no human study
bone	inhibit bone resorption	stimulate bone resorption	increased bone resorption	confirmed in rats, no human study
	inhibit interluken 1 alpha production	-	increased interluken 1 alpha production	confirmed in rats, no human study
	stimulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production	-	decreased TNF production	confirmed in rats, no human study
thyroid	facilitate iodide uptake	?	reduced iodide uptake	confirmed in rats, no human studies
	increase thyroid weight	?	loss of thyroid weight	confirmed in rats, no human studies
	increase thyroid metabolism generally	?	hypothyroidism	unstudied