Tables

Changes to Individual Effectors in the Denerverd Area Effector Sympathetic Effect Parasympathetic Effect (if any) Predicted Change From Sympathectomy Empirical Status heart increase heart rate decrease heart rate reduced heart rate confirmed increase heart contraction strength decrease heart contraction strength reduced heart contraction strength not studied increase cardiac response to exercise decrease cardiac response to exercise reduced cardiac response to exercise confirmed baroreflex increase heart rate decrease heart rate decreased baroreflex control of heart rate confirmed blood vessels Constrict surface blood vessels - loss of vasoconstriction confirmed Dilate deep blood vessels via NO release - Loss of NO modulated vasodilation confirmed lungs dilate bronchial tubes constrict bronchial tubes Diminished lung volume confirmed facilitate CO2 transfer - reduced CO2 transfer confirmed sweat glands Secrete sweat - anhidrosis confirmed arrector pili muscles goose bumps/physical pleasure - loss of goosebumps/physical pleasure not studied muscles release nitric oxide (NO), dilate muscular blood vessels - loss of NO release, atrophy, fiber splitting, necrosis, phagocytosis, fibrosis confirmed in rabbits, no human studies sensory nerves modulate sensitivity, physical pleasure - reduced tactile sensitivity confirmed adipose tissue inhibit fat cell creation - increased fat cell number confirmed in hamsters, no human study stimulate lipolysis (fat burning) stimulate lipogenisis (fat storage) decreased fat burning, increased fat cell size confirmed in hamsters, no human study bone inhibit bone resorption stimulate bone resorption increased bone resorption confirmed in rats, no human study inhibit interluken 1 alpha production - increased interluken 1 alpha production confirmed in rats, no human study stimulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production - decreased TNF production confirmed in rats, no human study thyroid facilitate iodide uptake  ? reduced iodide uptake confirmed in rats, no human studies increase thyroid weight  ? loss of thyroid weight confirmed in rats, no human studies increase thyroid metabolism generally  ? hypothyroidism unstudied
Changes to Systemic Function Body System Predicted Change from Sympathectomy Empirical Status thermoregulation loss of upper body sweating + loss of selective brain cooling = trouble staying cool loss of surface vasoconstriction + loss of deep tissue vasodilation + decreased fat burning = trouble staying warm increased upper body skin temperature = false messages from thermo-receptors thermal Images. Goldstein’s (NINDS) core-body temperature study (not yet published) shows significant problems maintaining core body temperature against both hot and cold . Nielson website listing “Heat Intolerance” among side effects. anecdotal complaints of heat and cold intolerance abound. exercise capacity reduced cardiac output + reduced baroreflex + diminished lung volume + reduced evaporative cooling + inability to redistribute blow flow into deep muscle = reduced exercise capacity reductions in every measure: cardiac index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, rate–pressure product, stroke index, Changes_to_Systemic_Function%2C_part_ vascular resistance. “significant reduction in baroreflex response to exercise”. more studies needed endocrine function lowered blood catecholamines confirmed mental and emotional Loss of body-state changes in response to strong emotion + Loss of feedback signal to brain = Reduced subjective experience of emotion Loss of sympathetic tone to cerebral artery + lowered blood catechols + loss of selective brain cooling = lowered alertness Critchley, et. al. report “Changes in bodily states, particularly those mediated by the autonomic nervous system, are crucial to ongoing emotional experience”. Telaranta reports significant reduction in “fear” and “alertness” in studies of ETS on mental patients. lack of informed consent + disturbing physical condition = profound anger + depression = suicide, suicidal ideation one confirmed U.S. ETS suicide, anecdotal reports abound immune function decreased tumor necrosis factor = increased tumors unstudied decreased immune response + decreased blood cathechols = slow healing confirmed in rat skin, no human studies body fat reduction in exercise capacity + reduced fat burning = increase in fat cell number + increase in fat cell size confirmed in rats, no human studies
Compensatory Changes in Fucntional Areas Effector Predicted Change from Sympthectomy Empirical Confirmation? sweat glands hyperactive sweating yes - "compensatory hyperhidrosis" surface blood vessels overly constricted studies needed deep blood vessels overly dilated studies needed immune Function increased inflammatory response studies needed adipose (fat) tissue increased fat burning studies needed arrector pili muscles hyperactive goosebumps studies needed sex organs (male) difficulty achieving erection, more intense orgasm if achieved anecdotal reports of loss of libido, studies needed sex organs (female) difficulty achieving clitoral erection, reduced lubrication, more intense orgasm if achieved anecdotal reports of loss of libido, studies needed
Possible Collateral Damage Body System Proximity to Target Area Function Predicted Change If Accidentally Damaged Empirical Status T1 sympathetic ganglion immediately above T2 on sympathetic chain innervates eyes, eyelids, heart, lungs, sweat glands, etc. horner's syndrome confirmed intercostal nerves immediately behind sympathetic trunk and running along each rib provides sensory innervation to ribs and connecting tissue intercostal neuralgia, nerve pain confirmed brachial plexus emerges from spine, C5-T1, into axillae provides motor function to arms paralysis of arms confirmed lung must be deflated for thoracic surgery O2 in, CO2 out pleural adhesion, collapsed lung confirmed